Which of the following is essential for ensuring privacy in intelligent systems?

Regulatory compliance is essential for ensuring privacy in intelligent systems because it involves adhering to established laws and guidelines designed to protect personal and sensitive information. These regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States, set strict criteria for how data should be collected, stored, processed, and shared.

Compliance ensures that organizations implement necessary safeguards to protect user privacy, including obtaining explicit consent from data subjects, providing transparency about data usage, and allowing individuals to access or delete their data. By aligning with regulatory frameworks, companies not only protect the privacy of users but also mitigate risks of legal penalties and reputational damage that could arise from non-compliance.

While data duplication, global standardization, and cost minimization might play roles in overall data management strategies, they do not specifically address the critical requirements for privacy protections dictated by law and regulation. Regulatory compliance stands out as a key factor that directly supports the integrity and confidentiality of personal information in intelligent systems.